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The Source Wholesale Colour Changing Clam Light

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Futia, G., Schlup, P., Winters, D. G. & Bartels, R. A. Spatially-chirped modulation imaging of absorption and fluorescent objects on single-element optical detector. Opt. Express 19, 1626–1640 (2011). Sea Research Centre and Computational Bioscience Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia A short-time Fourier transform of the 2D raw multiplexed data over a period of 1/ f vol yields a set of N frequency comb lines, with each line carrying an amplitude of I em ,k ( x, y), i.e., the total emission signal projected from the kth light sheet (see Supplementary Information). This operation directly produces the entire 3D information in parallel with the frequency axis mapped to the depth of the imaged volume (see the frequency-depth calibration in Fig. 2c). We further performed digital smoothing in the frequency (axial) domain using a boxcar filter during the image reconstruction, removing the potential artifact produced by the discrete frequency channels (light sheets) at the expense of axial resolution. This step, together with the presence of spherical aberration (which is intentionally introduced to extend the DOF), determines the final axial resolution of the system. The reported resolution refers to the values extracted from raw images for the nanospheres. We applied a nonlinear iterative Richardson–Lucy deconvolution to the Fourier-transformed image data (10–40 iterations implemented in MATLAB, MathWorks Inc.) to further eliminate the image blurring owing to a finite exposure time. The deconvolved image was then passed to Fiji (ImageJ) for 3D image rendering 46, 47. Photobleaching test

Durrieu G, Pham Q-K, Foltête A-S, Maxime V, Grama I, Le Tilly V, et al. Dynamic extreme values modeling and monitoring by means of sea shores water quality biomarkers and valvometry. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2016;188: 1–8. Our findings confirm that giant clam iridocytes convert potentially damaging radiation into light emitted in the blue part of the spectrum, which can be subsequently absorbed by the photosynthetic pigments of the algal symbionts. This dual mechanism, where bivalve host and symbionts are sheltered from damaging UVR, while the flux of PAR increases, provides a major advantage to Tridacninae due to two reasons: (1) the exposure to high doses of UVR poses a particularly high risk for marine organisms inhabiting (sub)-tropical seas, especially for those being restricted to shallow, sunlit waters due to light requirements, such as giant clams and (2) it expands the mutual benefits of the symbiotic relationship between the host and symbiotic unicellular algae, which can be of crucial importance in the oligotrophic water of tropical coral reefs. Further, the photonic cooperation between iridocytes and algal symbionts helps explain the broad color repertoire found for giant clam mantle tissues, ranging from bright blue (corresponding to high iridocyte and low symbiont loads) to dark brown (when the iridocyte load is relatively lower than the number of algal symbionts). Additionally, while giant clams have thus far been used by humans for food and ornamental purposes only, the unique optical properties of their iridocytes, as well as the photonic interaction with the photosynthetic symbionts, may offer a source of bio-inspiration for applications in photonics and other relevant fields. Data Availability Statement Voleti, V. et al. Real-time volumetric microscopy of in vivo dynamics and large-scale samples with SCAPE 2.0. Nat. Methods 16, 1054–1062 (2019). Guterres B de V, Guerreiro A da SC., Botelho SS da, Sandrini JZ. Perna perna Mussels Network as Pollution Biosensors of Oil Spills and Derivatives. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2020;53: 16727–16732. Braley RD, Militz TA, Southgate PC. Comparison of three hatchery culture methods for the giant clam Tridacna noae. Aquaculture. 2018;495: 881–887.

Introduction

Jolles J. Broad-scale Applications of the Raspberry Pi: A Review and Guide for Biologists. EcoEvoRxiv; 2021. Mingoa-Licuanan S, Lucas J. Bivalves that feed out of water: phototrophic nutrition during emersion in the giant clam, Tridacna gigas Linne. Oceanographic Literature Review. 1996;9: 932. We thank Prof. Zhiping Lai for his help with experimental materials and the “Imaging and Characterization Core Lab” of KAUST for support with the SEM and TEM imaging. Supplementary Material

Andrade H, Massabuau J-C, Cochrane S, Ciret P, Tran D, Sow M, et al. High Frequency Non-invasive (HFNI) Bio-Sensors As a Potential Tool for Marine Monitoring and Assessments. Front Mar Sci. 2016;3.Atkinson MJ, Barnett H, Aceves H, Langdon C, Carpenter SJ, McConnaughey T, et al. The Biosphere 2 coral reef biome. Ecological Engineering. 1999;13: 147–172. Citation: Killam D, Thompson D, Morgan K, Russell M (2023) Giant clams as open-source, scalable reef environmental biomonitors. PLoS ONE 18(1):

Temperatures were maintained at a consistent 25°C, with diurnal variations of less than 0.25°C, while pH values ranged from 8.1–8.25 pH units, also following a diurnal pattern controlled by light-mediated photosynthetic activity in the tank. Similarly, DO varied between 6.89 and 9.94 mg/L, also following a diurnal pattern with peaks during the daytime hours. Chlorophyll-a and phycoerythrin values showed high variability, with extreme peaks in July and August approaching the detection limit of the instruments and corresponding to visible increases in water turbidity. Prevedel, R. et al. Simultaneous whole-animal 3D imaging of neuronal activity using light-field microscopy. Nat. Methods 11, 727–730 (2014). If you like your lights to be glam, you’ve got to go clam! You’ll love every moment you spend in the glow of this light, just wait and sea… Frias-Torres S. Captive Bred, Adult Giant Clams Survive Restoration in the Wild in Seychelles, Indian Ocean. Front Mar Sci. 2017;4.The higher the light is, the more prominent the shadows that help sculpt the cheekbones will appear. Most importantly, the second light needs to be set at a lower power than the first light. Start with the second light about two stops lower than the first. Make adjustments up or down from there. With the two lights in place, you’re ready to take a shot. Clamshell lighting has some options for variations. Once you see the shot, you can make adjustments to get that exact look you are going for. Ji, N., Freeman, J. & Smith, S. L. Technologies for imaging neural activity in large volumes. Nat. Neurosci. 19, 1154–1164 (2016). Sow M, Durrieu G, Briollais L, Ciret P, Massabuau J-C. Water quality assessment by means of HFNI valvometry and high-frequency data modeling. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2011;182: 155–170. pmid:21229302

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