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Main article: Terra Australis In 1570, a rudimentary map by Ortelius showed the imagined link between the proposed continent of Antarctica and South America. Note also the proposed landmasses surrounding the North Pole.

a b c "ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION—CHRONOLOGY". Quark Expeditions. 2004. Archived from the original on 2006-09-08 . Retrieved 2006-10-20. a b Klaus Dodds (2012). The Antarctic: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191633515.Mountaineering and Polar Collection – Antarctica". National Library of Scotland. Archived from the original on 23 June 2009 . Retrieved 19 November 2008. Ivanov, L. General Geography and History of Livingston Island. In: Bulgarian Antarctic Research: A Synthesis. Eds. C. Pimpirev and N. Chipev. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2015. pp.17–28. ISBN 978-954-07-3939-7

Xin, Zhang (2010). Be careful, Here is Antarctica - the statistics and analysis of the grave accidents in Antarctica (PGCert). University of Canterbury. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30 . Retrieved 2020-11-01. A baby, named Emilio Marcos de Palma, was born near Hope Bay on 7 January 1978, becoming the first baby born on the continent. He also was born farther south than anyone in history. [115] On 27 January 1820, a Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev discovered an ice shelf at Princess Martha Coast that later became known as the Fimbul Ice Shelf. Bellingshausen and Lazarev became the first explorers to see and officially discover the land of the continent of Antarctica. Three days later, on 30 January 1820, a British expedition captained by Irishman Edward Bransfield sighted Trinity Peninsula, and ten months later an American sealer, Nathaniel Palmer, sighted Antarctica on 17 November 1820. The first landing was most likely just over a year later when American Captain John Davis, a sealer, set foot on the ice. a b c Barros Arana, Diego. "Capítulo XI". Historia general de Chile (in Spanish). Vol.Tomo cuarto (Digital edition based on the second edition of 2000ed.). Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. p.280. Archived from the original on 2019-07-27 . Retrieved 2019-08-01. Towards an international treaty [ edit ] The International Geophysical Year was pivotal in establishing a cooperative international framework in Antarctica, and led on to the Antarctic Treaty System in 1959.

Why are there no children in Antarctica?

Mills, William James (11 December 2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57-607422-0. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023 . Retrieved 23 September 2008. pp. 135–139 De la Hoz transferred the title to the conqueror Pedro de Valdivia in 1540. [86] In 1555 the claim was incorporated to Chile. [87] The United States became politically interested in the Antarctic continent before and during WWII. The United States Antarctic Service Expedition, from 1939 to 1941, was sponsored by the government with additional support came from donations and gifts by private citizens, corporations and institutions. The objectives of the Expedition, outlined by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was to establish two bases: East Base, in the vicinity of Charcot Island, and West Base, in the vicinity of King Edward VII Land. After operating successfully for two years, but with international tensions on the rise, it was considered wise to evacuate the two bases. [108] In response to this and earlier German explorations, the British Admiralty and Colonial Office launched Operation Tabarin in 1943 to reassert British territorial claims against Argentine and Chilean incursion and establish a permanent British presence in the Antarctic. [105] The move was also motivated by concerns within the Foreign Office about the direction of United States post-war activity in the region. The doubling of the Cape of Good Hope in 1487 by Bartolomeu Dias first brought explorers within touch of the Antarctic cold, and proved that there was an ocean separating Africa from any Antarctic land that might exist. [8]