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Many cultures have strong traditions of solo performance (in which one singer or instrumentalist performs), such as in Indian classical music, and in the Western art-music tradition. Other cultures, such as in Bali, include strong traditions of group performance. All cultures include a mixture of both, and performance may range from improvised solo playing to highly planned and organized performances such as the modern classical concert, religious processions, classical music festivals or music competitions. Chamber music, which is music for a small ensemble with only one or a few of each type of instrument, is often seen as more intimate than large symphonic works. Plato (2006). The Republic, Book VII. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. p.7. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022 . Retrieved 11 October 2022.

blues | Definition, Artists, History, Characteristics, Types, Songs, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com . Retrieved 2022-08-21. D. Gordon and P. Gordon, Musical Visitors to Britain (Abingdon: Routledge, 2005), ISBN 0-7130-0238-7, p. 62. Keeping the 'Faith': Six Writers Remember the Six Classic Hit Singles From George Michael's 30-Year-Old Debut". Billboard. Archived from the original on 2020-08-09 . Retrieved 2020-09-18.Expression is achieved through the manipulation of pitch (such as inflection, vibrato, slides etc.), volume (dynamics, accent, tremolo etc.), duration (tempo fluctuations, rhythmic changes, changing note duration such as with legato and staccato, etc.), timbre (e.g. changing vocal timbre from a light to a resonant voice) and sometimes even texture (e.g. doubling the bass note for a richer effect in a piano piece). Expression therefore can be seen as a manipulation of all elements to convey "an indication of mood, spirit, character etc." [62] and as such cannot be included as a unique perceptual element of music, [63] although it can be considered an important rudimentary element of music. You may have the opportunity to add an optional placement year as part of your course, converting the three year course to a four-year Degree with Placement Year. British chamber and orchestral music drew inspiration from continental Europe as it developed into modern classical music. The Baroque era in British music can be seen as an interaction of national and international trends, sometimes absorbing continental fashions and practices and sometimes attempting, as in the creation of ballad opera, to produce an indigenous tradition. [16] However, arguably the most significant British composer of the era, George Frideric Handel, was a naturalised German, who helped integrate British and continental music and define the future of the classical music of the United Kingdom that would be officially formed in 1801. [17] Main articles: Early music of the British Isles, Classical music of the United Kingdom, and Baroque music of the British Isles English Miniature from a manuscript of the Roman de la Rose The Baroque era in music, between the early music of the Medieval and Renaissance periods and the development of fully fledged and formalised orchestral classical music in the second half of the eighteenth century, was characterised by more elaborate musical ornamentation, changes in musical notation, new instrumental playing techniques and the rise of new genres such as opera. Although the term Baroque is conventionally used for European music from about 1600, its full effects were not felt in Britain until after 1660, delayed by native trends and developments in music, religious and cultural differences from many European countries and the disruption to court music caused by the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and Interregnum. [14] Under the restored Stuart monarchy the court became once again a centre of musical patronage, but royal interest in music tended to be less significant as the seventeenth century progressed, to be revived again under the House of Hanover. [15] Sir Edward Elgar

Timbre, sometimes called "color" or "tone color" is the quality or sound of a voice or instrument. [61] Timbre is what makes a particular musical sound different from another, even when they have the same pitch and loudness. For example, a 440Hz A note sounds different when it is played on oboe, piano, violin, or electric guitar. Even if different players of the same instrument play the same note, their notes might sound different due to differences in instrumental technique (e.g., different embouchures), different types of accessories (e.g., mouthpieces for brass players, reeds for oboe and bassoon players) or strings made out of different materials for string players (e.g., gut strings versus steel strings). Even two instrumentalists playing the same note on the same instrument (one after the other) may sound different due to different ways of playing the instrument (e.g., two string players might hold the bow differently). Schmidt-Jones, Catherine (11 March 2011). "Form in Music". Connexions. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 . Retrieved 11 September 2011. Crawford, Mike J.; Talwar, Nakul; etal. (November 2006). "Music therapy for in-patients with schizophrenia: Exploratory randomised controlled trial". British Journal of Psychiatry. 189 (5): 405–409. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.015073. PMID 17077429. Music therapy may provide a means of improving mental health among people with schizophrenia, but its effects in acute psychoses have not been explored Epperson, Gordon (16 June 2022). "Music | Art Form, Styles, Rhythm, & History". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Julian Schaap and Pauwke Berkers. "Grunting Alone? Online Gender Inequality in Extreme Metal Music" in IASPM Journal. Vol. 4, no. 1 (2014) p. 103

These traditions, including the cultural strands drawn from the United Kingdom's constituent nations and provinces, continued to evolve in distinctive ways through the work of such composers as Arthur Sullivan, Gustav Holst, Edward Elgar, Hubert Parry, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Benjamin Britten, [20] Michael Tippett, Peter Maxwell Davies and Harrison Birtwistle. Notable living British classical composers include Michael Nyman, James MacMillan, Jeremy Peyton Jones, Gavin Bryars, Andrew Poppy, Judith Weir, Sally Beamish and Anna Meredith. The musical excellence and academic aptitude you develop on your course will make you highly valued by employers, whatever your chosen career path after university. You'll also develop valuable transferable skills such as time management, critical thinking and interpersonal communication. You'll be taught by world-leading experts in both departments. School of English staff are researchers, critics, and writers, as well as passionate, dedicated teachers who work tirelessly to ensure their students are inspired. Burton, Russell (2015). "The elements of music: What are they, and who cares?". Educating for Life. ASME XXTH National Conference Proceeding. Australian Society for Music Education.: 22.

Further information: Computer music and Music technology Music production in the 2000s using a digital audio workstation (DAW) with an electronic keyboard and a multi-monitor set-up

Winnington-Ingram, Reginald P. (October 1929). "Ancient Greek Music: A Survey". Music & Letters. 10 (4): 326–345. doi: 10.1093/ml/X.4.326. JSTOR 726126. Asian music covers a vast swath of music cultures surveyed in the articles on Arabia, Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Several have traditions reaching into antiquity. Music". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (fifthed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Music has many different fundamentals or elements. Depending on the definition of "element" being used, these can include pitch, beat or pulse, tempo, rhythm, melody, harmony, texture, style, allocation of voices, timbre or color, dynamics, expression, articulation, form, and structure. The elements of music feature prominently in the music curriculums of Australia, the UK, and the US. All three curriculums identify pitch, dynamics, timbre, and texture as elements, but the other identified elements of music are far from universally agreed upon. Below is a list of the three official versions of the "elements of music": Stryker McGuire (2009-03-29). "This time I've come to bury Cool Britannia". The Observer. Archived from the original on 2013-09-06 . Retrieved 2012-04-06.