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Large urban areas are hubs of economic development and innovation, with larger cities underpinning regional economies and local and global sustainability initiatives. Currently, 757 million humans live in the 101 largest cities; [36] these cities are home to 11% of the world's population. [36] By the end of the century, the world population is projected to grow, with estimates ranging from 6.9 billion to 13.1 billion; [36] the percentage of people living in the 101 largest cities is estimated to be 15% to 23%. [36] a b c "World Population Prospects 2022, Standard Projections, Compact File, Variant tab, Total Fertility Rate column". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2022. Church, J. A. & White, N. J. Sea-Level Rise from the Late 19th to the Early 21st Century. Surveys Geophys. 32, 585–602 (2011). Haunschild, R., Bornmann, L. & Marx, W. Climate Change Research in View of Bibliometrics. PLOS ONE 11, e0160393 (2016). World Population Prospects 2017 – Data Booklet (ST/ESA/SER.A/401)" (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2017. p.3. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 7, 2022 . Retrieved April 13, 2022.
Newmark, PA; Sánchez Alvarado, A (2002). "Not your father's planarian: a classic model enters the era of functional genomics". Nat Rev Genet. 3 (3): 210–219. doi: 10.1038/nrg759. PMID 11972158. S2CID 28379017. Cilluffo, Anthony; Ruiz, Neil (June 17, 2019). "World's Population is Projected to Nearly Stop Growing by the end of the Century". Pew Research Center. World Population Prospects 2022 , Graphs / Profiles". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2022. PDF). National Statistical Service of Greece: Population census of 18 March 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009.
Population growth alongside increased consumption is a driver of environmental concerns, such as biodiversity loss and climate change, [12] [13] due to overexploitation of natural resources for human development. [14] International policy focused on mitigating the impact of human population growth is concentrated in the Sustainable Development Goals which seek to improve the standard of living globally while reducing the impact of society on the environment while advancing human well-being. [ citation needed] Population [15] Years In 2012, the UN changed its prediction to the effect that no maximum would likely be reached in the 21st century, and that by the year 2100 world population would increase to somewhere in the range 9.6 to 12.3 billion with 10.9 billion being the midpoint of that range. [16] The main reason for the revision was a recognition that the high fertility rate in Africa was not declining as fast as had been previously assumed. [17] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population to 2300. 2004. Executive Summary, p. 1. One way to understand the distribution of people worldwide is to redraw the world map – not based on the area but according to population. Kaneda, Toshiko (June 2014). "Understanding Population Projections: Assumptions Behind the Numbers" (PDF). Population Reference Bureau.
Alitherm Heritage profiles utilise Smart’s innovative polyamide thermal break technology which creates a barrier between the cold air outside and the warm air inside. This technology significantly reduces thermal transmittance and enhances the overall U Value of a product and is designed to meet the exacting requirements of Document L 2010. Barbier, E. B. et al. The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services. Ecol. Monogr. 81, 169–193 (2011).Now you've learned the long division approach to 2100 divided by 4, here are a few other ways you might do the calculation: World population growth and trends 1950-2050". US Census. Archived from the original on 2010-07-07. Vitousek, S. et al. Doubling of coastal flooding frequency within decades due to sea-level rise. Sci. Rep. 7, 1399 (2017). Woodroffe, C. D. et al. Mangrove Sedimentation and Response to Relative Sea-Level Rise. Ann. Rev. Marine Sci. 8, 243–266 (2016). Unfortunately this statement is somewhat unhelpful since any continuous curve (including an exponential) can be approximated by a line and therefore be said to be following a linear trend.
a b c Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban (2013-05-09). "World Population Growth". Our World in Data. Glamore, W., Rayner, D., Ruprecht, J., Sadat-Noori, M. & Khojasteh, D. Eco-hydrology as a driver for tidal restoration: Observations from a Ramsar wetland in eastern Australia. PLOS ONE 16, e0254701 (2021). Callaghan, M. W., Minx, J. C. & Forster, P. M. A topography of climate change research. Nat. Clim. Change 10, 118–123 (2020). P o p u l a t i o n g r o w t h r a t e = P ( t 2 ) − P ( t 1 ) P ( t 1 ) ( t 2 − t 1 ) Population\ growth\ rate={\frac {P(t_{2})-P(t_{1})}{P(t_{1})(t_{2}-t_{1})}} Storlazzi, C. D. et al. Most atolls will be uninhabitable by the mid-21st century because of sea-level rise exacerbating wave-driven flooding. Sci. Adv. 4, eaap9741 (2018).
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a b c "World Population Prospects 2022, Standard Projections, Compact File, Estimates tab, Total Fertility Rate column". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2022. It should be noted that the IPCC reports were not considered in the dataset of citing articles retrieved from the Web of Science as they may have distorted the analyses. However, these reports are inevitably captured in the analyses as “cited references” of many SLR “citing articles” and thereby contributed to shape up the research sub-themes. All the cited references were analysed and reported as described and cited in the citing articles. For some sources such as the IPCC reports, they were cited in multiple ways (chapter, synthesis, or full report). However, this does not influence the analysis and cluster formation processes due to the robustness of the document co-citation methods (see above and below). Synthesising the growing volume of sea-level rise (SLR) science in 2022–2023 using manual assessment and review methods is nearly impossible. Hence, the bibliometric approach is becoming a popular technique to overcome such literature assessment challenges 40, 87. This method allows for a rapid classification of thousands of articles and reliably and consistently captures the breadth of literature related to a specific field 41, 45. Adopting a bibliometric technique enables identifying term co-occurrence patterns, similarity of references between articles, and patterns of co-referencing, providing a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of a field under investigation 69. Monthly demographic balance: January–November 2010" (PDF) (in Italian). Istat. 28 March 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2012 . Retrieved 2 April 2011. The recent literature on SLR highlights the growing imbalance in both geographical and distributional impacts 6, 9, 22, 27, 28. Almost all of the world’s 85 million poor people living in rural low-elevation coastal zones reside in 20 developing countries, including Cambodia, Pakistan, Indonesia, Mozambique, Senegal, and the Philippines 79. On the other hand, the overall contribution of these exemplified countries to SLR research conducted during 1990–2021 is <1% (see Supplementary Table S1). The same concern exists for people inhabiting Small Island Developing States (SIDS) 29 and deltaic areas 80, 81. As such, this analysis highlights vulnerable coastal locations and populations where research needs to engage local experts to study the local coastal systems in detail and develop appropriate strategies and plans to adapt to damaging SLR impacts. Assessing the growing literature
Where fertility is high, demographers generally assume that fertility will decline and eventually stabilize at about two children per woman. [2] Jacob, T., Wahr, J., Pfeffer, W. T. & Swenson, S. Recent contributions of glaciers and ice caps to sea level rise. Nature 482, 514–518 (2012). Khojasteh, D. et al. Sea level rise will change estuarine tidal energy: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 156, 111855 (2022). In general, articles in Cluster (I) focus on the mechanisms of sea-level fluctuation 47, 48 and the application of sea-level records preserved in geological or sedimentary data to identify how much and how fast GMSL may change over time and space 49, 50. Cluster (II) articles consider the risks that low-lying areas and coastal ecosystems face due to SLR-related hazards (e.g. flooding, salinisation, coastal squeeze) and exposure/vulnerability (linked to socio-economic factors) 5, assessment methods 51, and adaptive responses to manage these risks for people, assets, biodiversity, and ecosystem services 52, 53. These articles also present collective environmental risk management schemes via public engagement, effective national and international governance activities, and technological advancements 2.
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The occurrence and co-occurrence of terms in the title and abstract of articles were used to determine the broad scientific structure and major research themes of SLR science. When the VOS method was applied to the key terms of the titles and abstracts of this field, four major themes were identified including (I) geological dimensions and sea-level indicators, (II) impacts, risks, and adaptation, (III) physical components of sea-level change, and (IV) coastal ecosystems and habitats (Fig. 2a). In Fig. 2, the frequency of co-mention and similarity of terms determine their placement in the figure, and the size of a node represents the frequency of its occurrence. Resident Population Data – 2010". U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Archived from the original on 2011-10-28 . Retrieved 2010-12-22. Most populations do not grow exponentially, rather they follow a logistic model. Once the population has reached its carrying capacity, it will stabilize and the exponential curve will level off towards the carrying capacity, which is usually when a population has depleted most its natural resources. [27] In the world human population, growth may be said to have been following a linear trend throughout the last few decades. [10] The logistic growth of a population
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