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Babies under the age of 1 year who were a low birth weight and who have not caught up with their weight.

Akihara, S.; Phan, T.; Nguyen, T.; Hansman, G.; Okitsu, S.; Ushijima, H. Existence of multiple outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis among infants in a day care center in Japan. Arch. Virol. 2005, 150, 2061–2075. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] Satter SM, Gastanaduy PA, Islam K, Rahman M, Rahman M, Luby SP, et al. Hospital-based Surveillance for Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Among Young Children in Bangladesh: Defining the Potential Impact of a Rotavirus Vaccine Program. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36(2):168–72 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27798545. [cited 2018 Sep 23]. Sai L, Sun J, Shao L, Chen S, Liu H, Ma L. Epidemiology and clinical features of rotavirus and norovirus infection among children in Ji’nan, China. Virol J. 2013;10(1):302 Available from: http://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-10-302. [cited 2019 May 3].

Guerrant Rl, Kosek M, Lima AA, Lorentz B, Guyatt HL. Updating the DALYs for diarrhoeal disease. Trends Parasitol: 2002; 18: 281. This extra fluid is in addition to what you would normally drink. For example, an adult will normally drink about two litres a day but more in hot countries. The above '200 mls after each watery stool' is in addition to this usual amount that you would drink. Dey, S.K.; Shimizu, H.; Phan, T.G.; Hayakawa, Y.; Islam, A.; Salim, A.F.M.; Khan, A.R.; Mizuguchi, M.; Okitsu, S.; Ushijima, H. Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus infection among infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2009, 9, 518–522. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] The prevalence of C. jejuni was found to be highest in the age group 6–11 months similar to RVA. However, the prevalence of RVA in children of > 18 months of age with diarrhea was 10% compared with 50% in C. jejuni in the current study.. Campylobacter, therefore contributed largely to diarrheal infection in children more than 12 months of age. There is a possibility of repeated exposures to Campylobacter species from different sources for the whole childhood period which may elucidating the high prevalence in children > 1 years of age [ 13]. The mortality rate due to diarrhea is decreasing with increasing age of children however morbidity remain constant in adult population [ 44].

Gouvea V, Glass RI, Woods P, Taniguchi K, Clark HF, Forrester B, et al. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28(2):276–82. RCWG. Rotavirus Classification Working Group: RCWG – Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics 2018. Available from: https://rega.kuleuven.be/cev/viralmetagenomics/virus-classification/rcwg. [cited 2019 Jun 7] Chan SS, Ng KC, Lam PK, Lyon DJ, Cheung WL, Rainer TH. Predictors of positive stool culture in patients with acute infectious diarrhoea. J Emerg Med 2002; 23: 125-30. Dey, R.S.; Ghosh, S.; Chawla-Sarkar, M.; Panchalingam, S.; Nataro, J.P.; Sur, D.; Manna, B.; Ramamurthy, T. Circulation of a novel pattern of infections by enteric adenovirus serotype 41 among children below 5 years of age in Kolkata, India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2011, 49, 500–505. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version]Swimming in contaminated water can also lead to traveller's diarrhoea. Try to avoid swallowing any water as you swim; teach children to do the same. Obtain travel health advice before you travel

Effective Top Tube Length: Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s. If the frequency rises to twice the number of normal stools, it is considered diarrhea for young infants. Although both treatable and preventable, diarrhea is the cause of death for 2195 children daily around the world, which is more than malaria, AIDS, and measles combined.Li, L.; Phan, T.G.; Nguyen, T.A.; Kim, K.S.; Seo, J.K.; Shimizu, H.; Suzuki, E.; Okitsu, S.; Ushijima, H. Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus infection among pediatric population with diarrhea in Asia. Microbiol. Immunol. 2005, 49, 121–128. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] The seasonal pattern of Campylobacter infection varies from country to country as well as within a country. In developing countries, Campylobacter enteritis has no seasonal fluctuation while in developed countries its epidemic peaks are in summer and winter [ 49, 50]. In present study Campylobacter was detected throughout the year with prominent peaks from June to September which is consistent with previous studies from Pakistan and Malawi [ 13, 36, 51, 52]. Leman P. Clinical and microbiological features of suspect sporadic food poisoning cases presenting to an accident and emergency department. Common Dis Public Health 2001; 4: 209-12.

Koh, H.; Baek, S.Y.; Shin, J.I.; Chung, K.S.; Jee, Y.M. Coinfection of viral agents in Korean children with acute watery diarrhea. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2008, 23, 937–940. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed][ Green Version]Rao MR, Naficy AB, Savarino SJ, Abu-Elyazeed R, Wierzba TF, Peruski LF, et al. Pathogenicity and convalescent excretion of Campylobacter in rural Egyptian children. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154(2):166–73 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11447051. [cited 2018 Sep 23]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has ranked Pakistan 23 in terms of childhood mortality caused by diarrheal illness, with almost 6.4 million cases of pediatric diarrhea annually. León-Barúa R, Recavarren-Arce S, Chinga-Alayo E, Rodríguez-Ulloa C, Taylor DN, Gotuzzo E, et al. Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis involving the gastric body and severe disease by Vibrio cholerae. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006; 100: 567-72. Zhang, S.; Chen, T.H.; Wang, J.; Dong, C.; Pan, J.; Moe, C.; Chen, W.; Yang, L.; Wang, X.; Tang, H.; et al. Symptomatic and asymptomatic infections of rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus among hospitalized children in Xi’an, China. J. Med. Virol. 2011, 83, 1476–1484. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]