The Nature of Code: Simulating Natural Systems with Processing

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Gates explains, " This unsuspected connection suggests that these codes may be ubiquitous in nature, and could even be embedded in the essence of reality. If this is the case, we might have something in common with the Matrix science-fiction films, which depict a world where everything human being's experience is the product of a virtual-reality-generating computer network." Scandalous: How the UK government shut down its Ethics Committee after it tried to intervene on the vaccination of children We find that—for normally sighted and blind animals—the removal of both visual and olfactory inputs causes the ‘hill of activity’ within HD attractor network to drift independently from the animal’s true head direction (i.e. the preferred direction of all simultaneously recorded cells drifts coherently). For some animals, there was a significant correlation between angular head velocity and angular drift velocity of PFDs. Furthermore, we found that in the absence of vision and olfaction, the decoded angular velocity (AHV) under-signaled the true AHV. The brain has dedicated systems for generating spatial awareness and guiding spatial navigation. In rodents, some of the most studied components of the brain’s spatial awareness system include place cells 2, grid cells 8, and head direction cells 9—although other complementary spatially-tuned cells also exist 7. To examine the effect of vision loss on part of the brain’s spatial navigation system, we decided to focus on head direction (HD) cells in the anterior dorsal nucleus (ADn) of the thalamus, where the spike rate of a majority of neurons is modulated by head direction 10, 11, but the stability of the system following vision loss has not been explored.

A similar drift in HD cell preferred firing direction appears to have been described in a previous study recording from HD cells in the lateral dorsal nucleus in rats placed in the dark, though those animals were placed in a radial maze, making it difficult to draw exact parallels to our results 33. In a more recent study in mice placed in the dark, it was reported that ~40% of HD cells became unstable in the dark, with one example HD cell recording being shown where the instability resulted in the preferred firing direction exhibiting a drift similar to what we describe 34. However, a follow-up paper from the same lab showed no effect of dark exposure on HD cell stability and instead found that optogenetic silencing of the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NHP)—which relays vestibular signals to the HD system—was required in tandem with dark exposure to cause the preferred direction of a subset of HD cells recorded in ADn to drift over time 14. This latter study also found that preferred firing direction drift was sometimes correlated with the animal’s head turns 14. Finally, at least some portion of the drift in HD preferred firing directions that we find appears to be related to the effect described for HD cells prior to eye-opening, where the broadness of tuning curves resulted in part from an under-signaling of angular head velocity 22. Nonetheless, future work is required to better understand the circuit and synaptic basis whereby different sensory inputs enable tuning within the HD attractor network to stabilize, and how perturbations to different sensory modalities can alter the input to the HD network and result in drift. Relating head direction cell recordings in blind rodents to spatial cognition in visually impaired humans Archaeologists unearthed a pot of copper coins in first major discovery at Mohenjo Daro in Pakistan, in 93 years

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The HD network is often modeled as a continuous ring attractor 11, 18, 19, 20. Evidence in favor of an attractor network is plentiful, from the finding that the relative difference in preferred directions between a given pair of HD cells is maintained across different environments and during visual cue rotation experiments 21, to the finding that HD cells that fire coherently during spatial navigation continue to do so during sleep 11, to the finding that before eye-opening—when HD cell tuning curves are broad—pairs of cells exhibit similar coherence during spatial navigation as is seen in the adult HD system 22, 29, 30. Furthermore, a recent manifold analysis has validated a one-dimensional ring as a robust description of the rodent HD network 19. Our results in blind mice are consistent with those of a continuous ring attractor. Performing a manifold analysis revealed a one-dimensional ring attractor similar to that found in normally sighted animals. Additionally, upon ablating OSNs in blind animals, while this completely removed stability of HD cell preferred direction, attractor dynamics and the ring architecture remained intact. When we paint a picture or model a three dimensional object using computer software, all the instructions are processed by the CPU and its counterparts before they are projected onto the screen. This process happens almost instantaneously, and it shows that instructions are processed by the CPU before they are used to create the computer generated object. In a sense, our picture or three dimensional model is nothing more than a perception of the CPU. Contraceptives may slow brain development and increase risk-taking behavior in teens, study suggests The simple process of using binary codes to create things within the hardware of computers is very similar to how Creation creates our external reality or material world. The material world works very similar to a virtual reality. At its core, the material world is made of only light (energy) that flashes on and off to create energy codes. World's biggest iceberg starts moving for first time in decades — and it could cause some serious problems

Goddess particle': Earth slammed by ultra-powerful cosmic ray, and we have no idea where it came from listo] Expertos plantean temores de salud pública sobre el síndrome de microondas de las antenas 5G Earliest evidence for mass production of weapons in southern Levant discovered, sling stones dated to 7,200 years agoTo eliminate (or at least greatly reduce) the sense of smell, OSNs were chemically ablated based on established methods 48, 92. In brief, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane after which a blunted 33-gauge needle was used to administer 20 μl of ZnSO4 (10 % in sterile H 2O) in both nostrils. Previous work has shown that this leads to the rapid death of OSNs 48, 92. After intranasally administering the chemical, mice were inverted to drain the excess fluid from the nasal cavity. Behavioral and electrophysiological recordings were carried out at least 24 h following OSN ablation. 2-Chamber olfactory test where, \(\triangle\)PFD is defined as the change in the preferred firing direction (in degrees) for each HD cell following reintroduction into the arena, and \(\triangle {{{{{{\mathrm{cue}}}}}}\; {{{{{\mathrm{is}}}}}}}\) defined as the extent (either 90° or 180°) that the visual cue was rotated. Floor rotation Full size image The vibrissal system is not required for head direction cell tuning in blind animals in the open-field environment where \({\sigma }_{b} For example, when we paint a picture using a computer software, the core state of the colors and shapes in the picture are basically made of ones and zeros. We do not see our picture as ones and zeros, because the central processing unit (CPU) and its counterparts process the binary codes as colors and shapes. The greatest thing about binary codes is that there are no limits to their combinations. ...

Coronavirus fragments can persist in the body of a person for up to a year: an estimated 65 million people worldwide suffer from the consequences Aside from visual and olfactory inputs, our results rule out a contribution of vibrissal signals in stabilizing HD cell tuning within our specific experimental environment, consistent with recent findings from the somatosensory cortex 38. Nonetheless, one can imagine that in a different environmental context (e.g., where the walls or object contours provide useful spatial information) that the vibrissal system could possibly affect HD cell tuning. Next, since our experiments were done in the presence of white noise, we did not directly test possible auditory control of HD cell tuning. As such, future studies will be required to test for the possible use of auditory cues in stabilizing HD cell tuning in blind mice, though previous work in blindfolded rats suggests that auditory cues do not exert a strong effect on HD cell tuning 31. However, it should be noted that a recent study found that some mice can echolocate 53. Olfaction, HD cell tuning, and cognitive mapsBest of the Web: I've studied more than 5,000 near death experiences. My research has convinced me without a doubt that there's life after death

Full size image The olfactory system is required for stabilizing head direction cell tuning in blind animals Don't mention the V word: 'Spike in strokes, cardiac arrest among young since Covid', says study in India

If we look at the computer from the outside, our artwork looks solid. If we take apart the outside layers of the computer and watch in slow motion how its hardware works beyond the microscopic level, we will see that it is made of vast streams of electrical currents. Electrical currents are another form of energy. SOTT Focus: MindMatters: Psychedelics, Sobriety, and Altered States: Processing Reality with John Buchanan The Jews and Boris Johnson: Zelensky's top political ally looking for scapegoats as Ukrainian elites begin to accept the war is lost In my book titled Staradigm (published in 2011), I mentioned about this idea and roughly explained how it worked. It is great to finally hear that physicists of today are finding evidence that the Universe is a giant hologram.