Tempo Regular Menthol Tissues x 1

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Macpherson LJ, Hwang SW, Miyamoto T, Dubin AE, Patapoutian A, Story GM. More than cool: promiscuous relationships of menthol and other sensory compounds. Mol Cell Neurosci (2006) 32(4):335–43. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2006.05.005

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TRP channels were first identified in a mutant breed of the fruit fly Drosophila, known as “transient receptor potential” in 1969 ( 78). From the control of cell motility and phagocytosis to the generation and release of inflammatory mediators, TRP channel-mediated effects on immune cells are undoubtedly numerous. Menthol has the potential to become a novel treatment for inflammatory illnesses due to the wide functional significance of TRP channels in inflammation and immunity ( 79). This section provides information on the role of TRP channels associated with menthol, such as TRPM8, in inflammatory diseases. TRPM8 (Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily melastatin member 8) Numerous animal studies and experimental designs have explored the anti-inflammatory effects of menthol in a series of disease contexts. A literature search was completed using online journal databases to identify primary studies exploring the activity of menthol on inflammatory pathways and conditions. This section provides an insight into the literature, with a focus on the influence of menthol on markers of inflammation and inflammatory pathways, grouped according to tissue type or anatomical location to allow for comparability of studies. Anti-inflammatory activity of menthol in models Henderson BJ, Grant S, Chu BW, Shahoei R, Huard SM, Saladi S, et al. Menthol stereoisomers exhibit different effects on α4β2 nAChR upregulation and dopamine neuron spontaneous firing. eNeuro (2019) 5(6):ENEURO.0465–18.2018. doi:10.1523/ENEURO.0465-18.2018 Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Weyer AD, Lehto SG. Development of TRPM8 antagonists to treat chronic pain and migraine. Pharmaceuticals (2017) 10(2):37–47. doi: 10.3390/ph10020037

Introduction

Sun J, Yang T, Wang P, Ma S, Zhu Z, Pu Y, Li L, Zhao Y, Xiong S, Liu D, Zhu Z (June 2014). "Activation of cold-sensing transient receptor potential melastatin subtype 8 antagonizes vasoconstriction and hypertension through attenuating RhoA/Rho kinase pathway". Hypertension. 63 (6): 1354–63. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02573. PMID 24637663. S2CID 11029018. Swandulla D, Schäfer K, Lux HD. Calcium channel current inactivation is selectively modulated by menthol. Neurosci Lett (1986) 68(1):23–8. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(86)90223-5 Anter A, Ahmed AF, Hammad A, Almalki WH, Abdel Hafez S, Kasem AW, et al. The severity of acute kidney and lung injuries induced by cecal ligation and puncture is attenuated by menthol: Role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and apoptotic markers. Front Med (2022) 9:904286. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.904286 Wu Z, Tan B, Liu Y, Dunn J, Martorell Guerola P, Tortajada M, et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of essential oils from peppermint, native spearmint and scotch spearmint. Mol (Basel Switzerland) (2019) 24(15):2825. doi: 10.3390/molecules24152825

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I've tried olbas tissues before - which really hurt your eyes, but I found the kleenex menthol much gentler, no eye stinging at all! As a naturally occurring cyclic monoterpene, menthol may utilize its chemical structure (e.g., hydroxyl groups) for its potent antioxidant effects. Several previous studies have concluded that the major monoterpenoids, particularly menthol, are responsible for the majority of the mint’s antioxidant activity ( 11, 12). In general, phytochemicals exert their antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals, chelating divalent metals, donating hydrogen or electrons, and facilitating the decomposition of peroxyl radicals. As a result, phytochemicals can inhibit the formation of free radicals, slow or inhibit the autoxidation process (chain-breaking antioxidant), or accelerate the termination of autoxidation. Wu et al. ( 12) use in vitro chemical- and cell-based assays and in vivo tests with C. elegans model to prove that the major monoterpenoids of mint essential oil, particularly menthol, have potent antioxidant effects. Biological activity of menthol: receptor activity and signaling pathwaysVogt-Eisele AK, Weber K, Sherkheli MA, Vielhaber G, Panten J, Gisselmann G, et al. Monoterpenoid agonists of TRPV3. Br J Pharmacol (2007) 151(4):530–40. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707245

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Henderson, B. J.; Wall, T. R.; Henley, B. M.; Kim, C. H.; Nichols, W. A.; Moaddel, R.; Xiao, C.; Lester, H. A. (2016). "Menthol Alone Upregulates Midbrain nAChRs, Alters nAChR Subtype Stoichiometry, Alters Dopamine Neuron Firing Frequency, and Prevents Nicotine Reward". J. Neurosci. 36 (10): 2957–2974. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4194-15.2016. PMC 4783498. PMID 26961950. Schäfer, Bernd (2013). "Menthol". Chemie in unserer Zeit. 47 (3): 174–182. doi: 10.1002/ciuz.201300599. Karashima Y, Damann N, Prenen J, Talavera K, Segal A, Voets T, et al. Bimodal action of menthol on the transient receptor potential channel TRPA1. J Neurosci (2007) 27(37):9874–84. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2221-07.2007 Balm ones in the kitchen for everyone to use - they were even used for light dusting by ds2. Came in very handy last night when I was watching obem and sobbin Methods: Using the pharmacopeias and electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI, this study analyzed the relevant research articles and review articles from 2002 to 2022 and concluded those results and conjectures to finish this article.Lin AH, Liu MH, Ko HK, Perng DW, Lee TS, Kou YR. Menthol cigarette smoke induces more severe lung inflammation than non-menthol cigarette smoke does in mice with subchronic exposure–role of TRPM8. Front Physiol (2018) 9:1817–27. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01817 Despite the uncertainty over the value of topical menthol in reducing inflammation that is established in the skin, the anti-inflammatory effects of menthol have been proposed to influence wound healing, as investigated by Rozza et al. ( 61). Skin wound healing is a complex process that includes an inflammatory phase, whereby reductions in inflammatory markers, including IL-6, have been linked to accelerated skin wound healing ( 61). In this study, the authors evaluated the effects of different periods of time of treatment with menthol (3, 7, or 14 days) in rats with skin wounds, comparing collagenase-based and menthol-based creams. The menthol-based cream led to accelerated healing within the first three days of treatment, which is consistent with a reduction in the initial inflammatory phase of wound healing when compared with collagenase-based creams. Furthermore, this healing was linked to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 (reduced expression of mRNA). Over time, menthol-based treatment was found to not only decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine levels through the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of wound healing. menthol is potentially ergogenic (performance enhancing) for athletic performance in hot environments [22] As a simple monoterpene with remarkable biological properties, menthol possesses well-known cooling properties and a residual minty scent from the oil remnants. It is also known to exhibit biological activity in vitro and in vivo, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, antipruritic, anticancer, and antifungal effects.

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Szabó A, Helyes Z, Sándor K, Bite A, Pintér E, Németh J, et al. Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptors in adjuvant-induced chronic arthritis: in vivo study using gene-deficient mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2005) 314(1):111–9. doi: 10.1124/jpet.104.082487Natural menthol exists as one pure stereoisomer, nearly always the (1 R,2 S,5 R) form (bottom left corner of the diagram below). The eight possible stereoisomers are: