100 Pure Thoughts: Cultivating Purity One Thought at a Time

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Shapiro, L., ed. 2014. The Routledge handbook of embodied cognition. London and New York: Routledge. Still, a defender of the LoT hypothesis might point to empirical evidence suggesting a dissociation between linguistic and other cognitive abilities. As studies with people with aphasia, e.g., make clear, some show severe deficits in various cognitive domains, while others display only little cognitive impairment. Varley and Siegal ( 2000), for example, discuss the case of an agrammatical aphasic, S.A., with severe difficulties in sentence and verb comprehension; performance was above chance only on tasks requiring the comprehension of spoken and written nouns. Footnote 10 Yet S.A. nonetheless performed well in several cognitive tasks requiring causal reasoning, and also in false-belief-tasks (—however, other studies suggest a strong correlation between language impairment due to aphasia and performance in reasoning tasks, cf. Baldo et al. 2015). How is this to be explained on the proposed account? It is worth noting that some of these suggestions allow for unconscious inner speech, while others explicitly tie inner speech to consciousness. Some require phonologically specified inner speech, while others do not. Still others seem to require that the inner speech utterance in question not be phonologically specified, for example, if it serves to reduce cognitive load or to broadcast information throughout the cognitive system. Footnote 6 An intrusive thought is an unwanted thought that pops into your mind. You could experience the thought as a:

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Sustainably harvested, wildcrafted, dried White Sage (Salvia apiana) and organic hemp twine. No hidden ingredients. No charcoal or perfume. Vygotsky, L. S. 1987. Development of thinking and formation of Concepts in the adolescent. In The Collected Works of L. S. Vygotsky, eds. Child Psychology, ed. R. W. Rieber, vol. 5, 29–82. New York and London: Plenum Press.Langland-Hassan, P. 2018. From introspection to Essence: the Auditory Nature of Inner Speech. In Inner Speech: New Voices, eds. P. Langland-Hassan, and A. Vicente, 78–105. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Compulsions can feel very time-consuming, tiring and overwhelming. They may stop you being able to go about your daily life or do the things you want to do. Romberg, A. R., and J. R. Saffran. 2010. Statistical learning and language acquisition. WIREs Cognitive Science 1: 906–914. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.78. Moreover, many paradigmatic cases of thinking such as deliberation or problem-solving strikingly resemble social-linguistic practices of argumentation, question-answer-protocols, dialogue, or joint goal-directed action more generally. On the Vygotskian account adopted here, we learn to engage in deliberative activities like these when acquiring language and by being immersed in various social(-linguistic) practices (Vygostky 1978, p. 57). But once language is internalized, we can engage in these practices by inner speaking, resulting in paradigmatic cases of thinking, or so I would like to suggest.

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and it, presumably, fulfils other functions as well; many, if not all, of which can also be fulfilled by overt or private speech (—the latter being a form of audible self-talk; cf. Diaz and Berg 2016; Winsler et al. 2009). From this angle, inner speech looks very much like a silent version of outer speech (Martinez-Manrique and Vicente 2010). Thus, one might wonder whether all these functions are equally served by inner and overt speech. If that were so, one could venture to guess that if we engage in silent self-talk, we do so merely for reasons of social etiquette, as audible self-talk is commonly frowned upon (cf. Hatzigeorgiadis et al. 2011 for a discussion of overt and covert self-talk in sports performance). If, on the other hand, some cognitive functions were better served by inner speech than by overt speech, this additional benefit had to accrue from differences between inner and overt speech or from the manner in which inner speech transforms our cognitive infrastructure in ontogeny (or maybe did so in phylogeny). Whether or not you believe that statement is rathersubjective. The truth of the matter is that we are the product of our thoughts. Think, and you shall become. It’s part of the manifestation of our destiny. But not everyone holds to this credo. Not everyone believes in the fervent power of their thoughts. They brush it off while dwelling on the past or fearing the future, not quite understanding that the very things that they are thinking about, they are inchingcloser towards. Compulsions might make you feel better at first. But you may find the more you do a compulsion, the stronger the urge is to do it again. This can increase obsessions and distress in the long-term and can lead to an unhelpful cycle of thoughts and behaviours. Yes, there’s no denying the power of your thoughts. There’s no hiding from something that’s so real and exact that it can either be harnessed for good, or leveraged for extreme bad. But what are thoughts exactly? How do they work? Is everything in our lives right now the product of our thoughts? Have we truly manifested whatever reality we might be experiencing at this moment in time? Understanding Your Thoughts Moreover, some seem to accord inner speech a cognitive role that goes beyond that of overt speech. This would be most pronounced in cases in which inner speech is not simply used due to social etiquette (i.e., because self-directed out-loud speech is commonly frowned upon), but rather turns into an integral part of our cognitive infrastructure and becomes (part of) a cognitive mechanism in its own right. It seems to be implicated in the phonological loop, for example, as a component of working memory (Buchsbaum and D’Esposito 2019). And some argue that it is a mechanism for integrating and broadcasting information in the cognitive system (e.g., Carruthers 2002; cf. also Godfrey-Smith 2016). Also, it has been said to be implicated in cognitive control mechanisms (Granato, Borghi and Baldassare 2020; Miyake et al. 2004), and to play a role in the processing of abstract concepts (Fini et al. 2022). More generally, if we allow for unconscious inner speech (and some methods used to examine inner speech such as dual tasks studies seem to rely on such a notion; cf., e.g., Sokolov 1972; Emerson and Miyake 2003; Miyake et al. 2004; Fini et al. 2022), one might argue that inner speech thereby assumes a cognitive function of its own.Tomasello, M. 2003. Constructing a language: a usage-based theory of language acquisition. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. I know it all sounds very strange. And we don’t need to understand how it all works or get into an in-depth discussion about quantum physics to be able to understand that reality is merely a projection of our thoughts on a finite scale. But we do need to be able to leverage it. Since everything is held together by electrical energies, and our thoughts arepure energy, it’s easy to see how thoughts, on their most fundamental scale, can permeate everything. On the macro scale, it’s harder to appreciate. But think smaller. Think nano-level and beyond. Too often, however, I substitute “whatever is lovely” for “whatever gives immediate gratification.” Many of us are content to set our minds on pleasures that sprint through our souls without leaving a trace. We need heaven to recalibrate our earthly tastes, so we move past snap delights to “approve what is excellent” — truly, enduringly excellent (Philippians 1:10). We can help to guide our thoughts in the right direction when we follow detailed and intricate plans. Whatever it is that you want in life, as long as you do the proper amount of planning for it, you can achieve it over time. It just won’t happen overnight. But it’s the right plan that will take you from Point A to Point B. Without it, you’ll be left scratching your head and wondering why you’re not making the amount of progress you’re after. Step #6 — Effectively Manage Your Time Clearly, spending much of your time living in fear also does a number on your emotions. Thoughts produce emotions. Any thought based on fear is going to produce a set of resultant emotions that will develop a foundation for stress and anxiety. When your emotions are taxed, it weighs heavily on your spirit, but also produces stress hormones that negatively affect your physiology. It suppressesyour digestive and reproductive systems along with reducing your immune system into shambles.