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Filipe-Santos, O. et al. X-linked susceptibility to mycobacteria is caused by mutations in NEMO impairing CD40-dependent IL-12 production. J. Exp. Med. 203, 1745–1759 (2006).
Alaniz RC, Deatherage BL, Lara JC, Cookson BT (2007) Membrane vesicles are immunogenic facsimiles of Salmonella typhimurium that potently activate dendritic cells, prime B and T cell responses, and stimulate protective immunity in vivo. J Immunol 179: 7692–7701. Holt KE, Phan MD, Baker S, Duy PT, Nga TV, et al. (2011) Emergence of a globally dominant IncHI1 plasmid type associated with multiple drug resistant typhoid. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1245 doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001245. Terebiznik MR, Vieira OV, Marcus SL, Slade A, Yip CM, et al. (2002) Elimination of host cell PtdIns(4,5)P(2) by bacterial SigD promotes membrane fission during invasion by Salmonella. Nat Cell Biol 4: 766–773. Knodler LA, Finlay BB, Steele-Mortimer O (2005) The Salmonella effector protein SopB protects epithelial cells from apoptosis by sustained activation of Akt. J Biol Chem 280: 9058–9064. MacLennan, C. et al. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 are key cytokines for immunity against Salmonella in humans. J. Infect. Dis. 190, 1755–1757 (2004).Primary immunodeficiency secondary to mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase ( BTK) resulting in defective B cell development with hypogammaglobulinaemia and reduced circulating B cells. X-linked hyper IgM syndrome Salmonella questions and answers. USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/foodborne-illness-and-disease/pathogens/salmonella-questions-and-answers. Accessed Dec. 22, 2021. In this Review, we discuss data from population-based studies of enteric fever and primary immunodeficiencies resulting in susceptibility to iNTS disease. These studies are presented in the context of the well-defined mouse model of invasive Salmonella infection. Fink SL, Cookson BT (2005) Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells. Infect Immun 73: 1907–1916. Repurposing diphenylbutylpiperidine-class antipsychotic drugs for host-directed therapy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella enterica infections
You can become dehydrated if you don’t get enough fluids to replace what you lose because of diarrhea. Kolyva S, Waxin H, Popoff MY (1992) The Vi antigen of Salmonella typhi: molecular analysis of the viaB locus. J Gen Microbiol 138: 297–304. Feasey, N. A., Dougan, G., Kingsley, R. A., Heyderman, R. S. & Gordon, M. A. Invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. Lancet 379, 2489–2499 (2012). The study of primary immunodeficiencies, in part characterized by iNTS disease, has established the critical role of interferon-γ (IFNγ) production and IFNγ-induced effector mechanisms (in particular oxidative burst) in human immunity to NTS. These studies have helped to define the role of T helper 1 (T H1) cells in mediating the outcome of intracellular NTS infection, and have been complemented by more recent data describing the roles of T H17 lineage CD4 + T cells and neutrophils in human NTS immunity.
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Dandekar, S., George, M. D. & Bäumler, A. J. Th17 cells, HIV and the gut mucosal barrier. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS 5, 173–178 (2010). de Beaucoudrey, L. et al. Mutations in STAT3 and IL12RB1 impair the development of human IL-17-producing T cells. J. Exp. Med. 205, 1543–1550 (2008). Dehydration, when they’ve lost too much fluid. Signs include peeing only in small amounts, a dry mouth, and sunken eyes. Kupz, A. et al. Contribution of Thy1 + NK cells to protective IFN-γ production during Salmonella typhimurium infections. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 2252–2257 (2013). Feasey NA, Dougan G, Kingsley RA, Heyderman RS, Gordon MA (2012) Invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. Lancet 379: 2489–2499.
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