Germany's Underground

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Gerlach: Guilty – Also convicted of aiding a terror organization. Sentenced to three years in prison. On 11 July 2018, Zschäpe was convicted of murder on ten counts and sentenced to life imprisonment. Her accomplices were convicted as follows: [41] France and Austria also particularly stood out during Schneider's research, he said, pointing out that in both cases, rising unemployment had led to an increase in activity in the underground economy. The facility was constructed with slave labour from concentration camps, where up to 320,000 inmates are believed to have been worked to death. B8 Bergkristall stopped all works on May 3, 1945, as allied troops approached the nearby town. Image Credit : Ziegenberg – CC BY-SA 4.0

Of the 8,995 prisoners who were identified, all were Jewish. Most came from Hungary, with the rest from Poland, Greece, Romania, and elsewhere. B8 Bergkristall is a large underground complex covering an area of 75 acres near the town of St Georgen an der Gusen in Austria. Whilst no documentary evidence has survived the war as to the bunkers purpose, it is believed that B8 Bergkristall was an underground factory where the Messerschmitt Me 262 – the first operational jet fighter – was built. Eminger: Guilty – Convicted of aiding a terror organization. Sentenced to two and a half years in prison. Battery Moltke is an unfinished Nazi coastal artillery battery in St Ouen in the north west of Jersey. It was constructed by Organisation Todt, a Third Reich civil and military engineering group in Germany named after its founder, Fritz Todt for the Wehrmacht during the occupation of the Channel Islands.Killer-Nazis erschüttern Deutschland: War ein Verfassungsschützer bei sechs Morden ganz in der Nähe? – News Inland" (in German). Bild.de. 15 November 2011 . Retrieved 11 September 2012. To reach the complex, one must take the metro to Altenessen Bf station, serviced by lines U-11 and U-18 and walk a few meters to the S-Bahn Essen-Altenessen stop. From there, one must take the S2 route and get off at Essen-Zollverein Nord station. It is said that children as young as 10 were put to work pushing mining cards and performing other forced menial labor. Believe it or not, there are tours! Haftbefehl gegen Holger G. aus Niedersachen erlassen". Hamburger Abendblatt (in German). 14 November 2011 . Retrieved 14 November 2011. Around 1983, after the first generation of punks had served their initial jail sentences, the punks started to move out into the streets, joining the mass demonstrations that eventually helped to bring down the dictatorship. Stasi records from the time prove just how inflammatory the punk scene was to the dictatorship. On the eve of the revolution in 1988, Stasi records identify a group called the Church from Below – who were, in spite of their name, an atheist anarcho-punk collective – as the most threatening activist group in the country. In January 1989, another Stasi report identified punk as the single-biggest youth problem, basing their findings on the national communications network that the punks had managed to build up by that time.

The punks showed me that it is important to stand up against the state and that it is possible to live outside the norm. Besides that, we really just had fun” – Christiane Eisler, photographer Economist Friedrich Schneider offers a few examples of how changing laws can help curb underground economic activity: "You could, for example, raise the earning limit for tax-free mini-jobs to 500 euros ( Ed. note: currently at 400 euros), or you could expand tax exemptions for costs related to home improvement services." Aggressive behavior, insults or intimidation of other riders is absolutely prohibited on the Essen Metro. Gebauer, Matthias (15 November 2011). "Döner-Morde: Sie nannten ihn den "kleinen Adolf" – Spiegel Online". Der Spiegel . Retrieved 11 September 2012.

Berlin, so full of history above ground, has a lot to tell in its subterranean areas as well. There are exhibits about everything from air raid bunkers to the removal of rubble from the destruction during World War II. Berliner Unterwelten found a huge file system about slave workers during the war in a forgotten bunker, helped the former workers to receive reparation pay and have an exhibition about slave workers in Berlin. Found objects such as ammunition, grenades, gas masks, etc. are on display as well. There is an exhibition about Hitler’s “Germania,” his utopian vision to rebuild Berlin. (The exhibition shows that the project was not, of course, a utopia after all.) von der Behrens, Antonia (2 August 2017). "These vom abgeschotteten Trio widerlegt". Frankfurter Rundschau. The typical wait time between trains is every 10 minutes – during peak hours the frequency is reduced to every 5 minutes. The frequency is every 15 minutes on Saturdays, Sunday and holidays. Accesibility Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, Article 21 (english translation). Retrieved 21 August 2012.

The nation’s 27,000 cubic metres of nuclear waste – accumulated after producing electricity in nuclear reactors over 62 years – could find its final resting place in 15 out of the 16 German states. The only large connected areas that have now been excluded from the process are located in the very west and the very south of the country. Since its demise during the last gasps of the Third Reich, the dark passageways of Project Reise have spurred endless rumors about the alleged treasures hidden therein. Among these alleged treasures:

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Hitler first arrived at the headquarters on 23 June 1941. In total, he spent more than 800 days at the Wolfsschanze during a 3½-year period until his final departure on 20 November 1944. In the summer of 1944, work began to enlarge and reinforce many of the Wolf’s Lair original buildings. However, the work was never completed because of the rapid advance of the Red Army during the Baltic Offensive in autumn 1944. Image Credit : Adam JonesFollow – CC BY 2.0

The battery structures include bunkers, gun emplacements and the Marine Peilstand 3 tower, which was one of nine planned towers in Jersey for use in observing targets at sea. Image Credit : Danrok – CC BY-SA 3.0 The main objective of Essen Metro construction was the inclusion of every one of the city’s social groups. Accordingly, it was designed to accommodate elderly people and individuals with reduced mobility. Lindner, Jan-Eric (12 November 2011). "Die mörderische Spur durch ganz Deutschland". Hamburger Abendblatt (in German) . Retrieved 14 November 2011.When an economic crisis grips an economy, then the parallel economy initially serves as a buffer that lets people continue working without becoming dependent on social welfare," says Dominik Enste, listing one general cause that leads parallel economies to flourish. Enste is a professor of business ethics at the Cologne University of Applied Sciences. In his research, he takes factors into account that go beyond economic fluctuations, such as the qualitative relationship of citizens to their state. Built into a disused chalk quarry, La Coupole consisted of a network of tunnels for storage, launch facilities, housing quarters and control facilities. The whole complex is capped by a large concrete dome which the name “La Coupole” in English means “Dome”.